Practical Techniques for Fostering Collaboration in Project-Based Classrooms

Algebra involves a complex set of concepts, skills, and strategies. We start teaching the groundwork for Algebra in early elementary school. Similarly, collaboration requires intricate abilities, skills, and strategies. Yet, we often only teach basic niceties in early education and move on; we teach students how to be a good neighbor and tell them it is kind to share their crayons, but, many times, it ends there. This oversight leaves us wondering why students struggle to work together effectively.

Teaching collaboration skills, especially in a project-based classroom, is necessary for successful learning experiences. Below are three informal ways to have students consistently check in on interpersonal connections in the classroom. Followed by three formal ways students can evaluate their ability to interact with others. 

Informal Collaboration Techniques

1. “I hear you saying… I was thinking… thoughts?”
   • This technique encourages students to practice active listening and constructive feedback. By rephrasing what a peer has said and offering their own thoughts, students create a dialogue that promotes understanding and mutual respect. It’s a simple yet powerful tool to ensure everyone feels heard and valued in a discussion. Teach students that after they provide feedback, they ask a follow-up question (something as simple as “what are your thoughts”). This emphasizes that feedback is not one-sided and instead part of a dialogue.
2. Fishbowl
   • The Fishbowl method is an engaging way to facilitate open discussions among students. A small group of students sits in a circle (the fishbowl) and discusses a topic, while the larger group observes. This setup allows for dynamic interaction and provides multiple perspectives on a given subject. Observers can later join the discussion, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
3. Observation & Feedback
   • Informal observation and feedback involve students casually observing their peers and providing constructive feedback. This method fosters a culture of continuous improvement and learning without the pressure of formal evaluation. It can be as simple as a quick conversation after a group activity, highlighting strengths and areas for growth.

Formal Collaboration Techniques

1. Peer Review – Template
   • Using a structured template for peer reviews ensures consistency and thoroughness in student feedback. This formal approach allows students to systematically evaluate each other’s work, providing detailed insights and actionable suggestions for improvement. Templates can be customized to suit specific project needs, ensuring relevance and effectiveness.
2. Learning vs. Cosmetic
   • Teaching students to distinguish between learning and cosmetic changes is crucial for their development. Learning changes focus on substantive improvements in their work and understanding, while cosmetic changes are superficial. This method involves a formal review to ensure that implemented strategies genuinely enhance learning rather than just altering appearances.
3. Observation & Feedback
   • Formal observation and feedback are more structured than their informal counterpart. This involves scheduled peer observations followed by detailed feedback sessions. These sessions can be part of a project evaluation process, providing clear, documented insights into collaborative practices and effectiveness.

Both formal and informal collaboration techniques play essential roles in student development. Informal methods encourage spontaneous, genuine interactions and continuous feedback, fostering a supportive learning environment. In contrast, formal techniques provide structure and consistency, ensuring thorough evaluations and targeted improvements.